2.
  -2024
..  
 
(    )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.         
2.   '  :
(a)     
()       
(c)   /  
-
3.      
4.   '  :
()         
()     -       
2.
-
5.   ?      
6.        '   :
()   
()
() 
() 
-
7.      
    ?
8.   '  :
()       
()     
2.
  -2024
..  
 
(    )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.         
:󷊨󷊩     
󷊆󷊇 
 -         
      , ,          , 
 , , -,     ,    :
        ?
      
 ?
   
         ?
           ?
  ,      ' 

; ,  
    ,   ""       
,   ,       
        
  -      
        , ,      
       
'  ,  ,  
 
 
2.
 ,    "     "  
  
-              ,
   
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘   
" "    ,     
""    
      
""     
   ,    
  
 ,   =     ,    
    
 "   "    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :     ,  ,  ,
,  ,             
,      
 
󷇮󷇭   
      ,       :
1.   -  ,        

2.   - ,        
3.   - ,         
4.   -   ,    
5.    -   ,  ,  
6.  -         
 
 ,             
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐:    
      
      :
2.
󷊨󷊩 󷊨󷊩
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        
    
  
    -         


󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
  
      ,         
  ? ,          

 ?  
1.       

       ,         
  
 :
    
       
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             
          
2.     
 
  ',            
 
  , ,  ,   ,    
 -     
          
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       ,       
  ,        
2.
3.       
          :
    
    
 
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       -           
  
4.     
       
 :
    
       
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              
       
5.      
   =        :
  
 
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: -19    ,       
   
6.     
 
       
;         :
2.
 
 
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
           
7.   
   ""   
        , 
:
   
 
    
 
 
 
 
 ,         
8.    
 
  
,      
 :
 .
 
 
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:     NGO    ,   
-          
9.      
    ,      
   
    :
2.
 ,    
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
   
10.    
 ,             ,   
 
       ,  
󷊻󷊼󷊽   
  :    ,  ,   '     '
 ,                , 
      
 
    
  
           

               , 
  
 ,    ,       
󽆪󽆫󽆬
 ,      :        
      :    ,     , 
 
 ,  
     
 
 
  ,       
 -      
,      
 
2.   '  :
(a)     
()       
(c)   /  
2.
:    : ,     
 

        '          
  -     ,    ,    ,    
                  
 ,       -      
     '     
     
   , ,     '     
      ' 
1.   
     ,         
      ,         ' 
   
         
            
     -     
:        ,          
           -     
2.   
      
 -         
       :
 :   , 
 : ,   
 : , , 
          ,     
   ,     -      
 :      (  )      

,    ()        ,    ()  

  
3.    
     ,    ,       
2.
 ,             
            
-    
     ' 

 
:               ,
     ,        
4.   
         
        
    
 
       
:                
              
 
:         , ,  
5.     
  ,             
        ?
         ?
          ?
:   
  -       ,   
     
6.   
   
  
            
        
         
     '     
:              -    

,      
7.    
2.
  ,       
    
 
        ,    
  ,   ,         
   
 
 :     
         '  
         
       

8.   
             
-      
     -    
    
,  -     
:              
9.     
           
,  ,          
      
            
:     ' 
,    '    
10.   -
        

       
   -  
      '        
:        
  -     
 
  
2.
               ,   
 ,            ,   
 ,
     
         
 -      
   , ,               
  

      ,  , , , ,
, , ,       
    
         
  
  ,     ' 
            ,  
    
 ,      
  -  ,   
           ,       
         
-
3.      
:   -    
   -        
   
         ,   , 
 ,        ,        

 ,      ,      , 
             ,  ?
    
 ?   ,      
   ?    ,       ,     
            
   ,   , , ,       
 
                
            '   ,
2.
  -    ,  - , , ,    

,  
      -- : , , , , ,
  
      
     -    
 ,          
1.  -    
                 
 -            '    ,  , 

             ,    
"  " 
        
       (   )
 , ,   (   )   
 -,       ( )
 ,     
 ,     
            
 ,         ,       
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :        ,         
 
 
2.  -   
,            ,   
     
   ,         '     2-
 (2D)  ,            

     :
2.
1.  - , , ,       ,
            
2.  -        -    ,
,  
           , 
, 
       ,     , 
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :    ,    
     
     
       
3.  -   
     ,             
    
       ( )
    (  )   
       (   )
 3- (3D)  :   ,        
 '      ,        

 ,   ,        
              ,
,   , 
 
       -  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :               


4.  -   
       ,         

          ?    !
       :
1. -    (, , , , )
2.      
2.
3.  ( )-      
    :
=  , , 
= , , 
= , 
= , 
= , 
= , 
     
,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :    ,    
 
5.  -     
,    
          
,   
        
?   
  ( )     
      
 (    ) =   
  ( ) =   
 , -  ,           
     ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :   ,      
 
6.  -   
               
   ,         
               
  :
1.  -  
       ( ,  
  )
2.
2.  -          ( ,    
         '    )
        ,   ,  
     -    '   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :      
 , 
     
, 
       
7.  -   
 , 
         : 
        -,      
 ( )    ( )   
        :
-       
 -      ,  
 -      '    
 -        
         ,   -    

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :    ,      
:      
         :
2.
(                ,  

         )
 -   
  
, 
     ?      ,      , 
          ,   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
     -   ,        
         
   
          ,    
  :         ?

  ,         
 -    
 
4.   '  :
()         
()     -       
:           
 

   
          
  , 
 
    , ,   ,   '      
2.
""   
    
  
-     
        '    
               , 
    ,    ,     
   , 
     
     ,     ,   
    
          
 -    
    ,            
        
()         
  ?
           - , , ,  
  -               
  
    :  -    
 ,  
   ;   
 ,      
  :     
       
  ,     -        , 
               
     
 :                
""       
  ?
                
         ,       
       -     
     :
1.  
o       
 
o :         
o : ,      
2.  
o -      
  , 
 

o :              
2.
o :  ,   
3.  
o          
o :        
o :      
   
  
  -       
     -    '    ,   
  
        
 :          
 
  ,     
         
()           
  
            , ,    
         :
1. 
o    (, , )
2. 
o      
o :     
3.  ()
o      
o :      
4. 
o    (, , )   (, , )  

o        ;       

   
: , ,     '     
: , ,     
:  ,   ,    
: , ,         
: , ,             
2.
:   ,       
-      
1.   
o       
o   (, ,  )    
o        
 
o :            
2. 
o     
o  , ,          
o        
o :       
3.  
o       
o , ,         
o :            
4. 
o     
o , ,      
o :     
5.   
o         
 
o , ,          
o :         
6. /
o         
o        
o :         
7. 
o       
o , ,     
o :     
      
60-30-10 : 60%  , 30%  ,  10%     
    :        ; 
     
 '  :            
:            
  
2.
           -     
              - ,   
     
    ,     ;  
,      ,     
 ,    -     ,       
  -                 
 ,     ,        

 

             -
, ,     -      , 
     
 -   (, , , )     
    
-   -     :     ,
    ,      ,    
 
 , ,             
 

 -  ,           
-
5.   ?      
:    -      
󷊆󷊇 

   
           ,  
 ,        ,     - ,  
 -           ,     '  ,
   
, ""         ,   , 
 , ,          ? -  
  
2.
      ,         
      ,         
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
  ,           ,
           
                
    (    )     ,   
         (    
  )        
 ,  =  +  +       
;
             ,     
 
󷊋󷊊  
,     -    ( ,  ,  ,  ), 
   -   
    ',     
   :
1.        ( )
2.    ( )
        
󷄧󷄫     's  
        ,      
 
              ,     
     
  - ,     
     -  
     
󺬥󺬦󺬧   
2.
       ,       :
1.  -       
o :      
o   :           
o  :      
2.  -    
o       
o      (  )    
  
o       ()  
3.  -  
o       (WBCs)      

o   (NK)          
     
4.    -    
o      ,             
     
 ,    = , ,   
󷄧󷄬  '  
 ,     
        
 
      
             ,  
   ,        

   -            
   
          ,       

 ,        
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶   
       :
1.  
2.  
2.
󷈴󷈶󷈵  -   
             
  
           
 
   
  : 
         
    :        ,   
 '    

  :      " " 
      
         
     :  , COVID-19 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        (   )   
      
󷈘󷈙  -   
 ,        
  ,    
     
  :           
        " "   
  :      (  ) 
 
  :           

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         (      )
󷇮󷇭    
        :
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   -  
1.       ,  
    

2.          
   
3. 
      
4.            
5.           
󷬗󷬘󷬙󷬚󷬛 
 ?
  , -      
 ,       
 (         )    
'  
 ,     
󽆪󽆫󽆬
 ,  
    ,     ,   , 
       
       () 
,       ( )  
    (),
   
 ()   
2.
     
;         ,
  , ,        
     
   -   
 
6.        '   :
()   
()
() 
() 
:      
 

 -              ,
  '  ,      , 
       
         
    ,  - 
     ,           -   
,              
           ,      
            
,    
                ,  
     ..             
   
   
       ,   
            
()

   ,       
    () : DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3,  DEN-4
              

           
2.

  '       
   ,  
        
         -   ,   , 
    
               
 ,    
       
     -    ,     
        
  
 ?
1. :    -       
2. :            
3.   :      ,  - ,   
  
  
       
 ,     
                ,  
           
()  (..)

       
   '  ( )   ,   , ,
    ( )     
 -       ,     

 

  
        , ,  
  
             
  
  ,          
  ,   ,     
 -  
        
   
 ?
2.
1. -: -,   - ,    

 
2.  : /, ,      
 
3.   :         
 ,       
4. :         -    

 
  
   -        ,    
                " "
        ,     '  
      ,          
     
   

..

 ()
  ()
  
    

/   
 


   ,  
-  ,  
 

 ,   
 , ,  (BCG)
 

,    , 

, -,  
    
  
:        
 ,     
 ,      -  
 :        
 ,    
,      ,     
     
 
      
      
 
 -          -    
                
 ,            
2.
  
                  
    
 -    '  , , ,  
           :  
  
           
   , 
  
      , 
      
 ,        
 -  ,  
   

              
    ,       
..         
          
    -
,           
  
     -    -      
    
            
  
-
7.      
    ?
:        
󷊨󷊩  
   
          ,    
  ,  
       , 
  
   
  ,        '   
,            
     
?  
             
 -    -
              " "
2.
 
,     ,          
    
  -- ,    ,     -     -
      '       
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌1.     
""    ,     :      
?
                 
   
   , , ,         
 
              

           ,   
    , 
      
 ,     
;      
󷑅󷑆󷑇󷑈2.     
        ,   ,      
           
   
 :
()    
    ""     ,      
  
           
       ;        

      
                
    (, , ,   ),      
  
      
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍 :       '   
2.
()   
           
,               
   -       
 
       
  
   
   
()     
     -     
, ,               

"-"            
 
          '    
()    
  '          ,
           
-            (   ,
  ,         )
       ,   , ,   
 -    ;       
󷒛󷒜󷒙󷒚3.    
      ,      -      
      ,        
 
          
() - 
, ,              
         ;     
 
2.
      ,        (
     )
()  
     ,        
       
   ,      
 
(c)   
           -  ,   ,
 - 
           
             
()    
           
       
 
        
  
󷇰󷇯4.      
   ,         :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔" ,  ,    ,     ' ,    
 "
  :
1.  - ,    
2.  -        
3.   -     
4.   ' - C    '   ,   60°C 
 
5.     - 
         ,   
   
2.
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐   
             
 :
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼5.   -  
 :    
         
                  
 
  :           
            
 :             
           
  
        
   
  
󷊆󷊇6.       
    
 ,      :
 : , , 
  : , , 
  :           
 
:      
2.
 ,   " " 
 -      
󷡉󷡊󷡋󷡌󷡍󷡎7. 
               
   ,              ,   
,      
 
    -  ,  ,  ,   , 
  -  
             ,
 
     
    ,       
       -   ,  ,    
 -             
8.   '  :
()       
()     
:      
 

   :              
     -  ,  ,       
 ,         ,     - ,
     ,           
  ,        
       -        
  '  
     ,           :  

               
  
   ?
2.
 ,          ,      
 (, , )           
       ,      
          ,       
    ,      -   , ,  , 
     
    
      

     '    - , ,
 ,         
1.  -    
             :
:  , ,         ,
      
.  ( ):    ,      
           
:  ,  ,         
      
:             
  ,       
   :
    (   )
- (          )
  (    '     )
2.  -   
             
:   ,  ,     

       
 :     
 ,      
    
   :
       
         
2.
3.  -    
             
 
:      
:    ,          
   :
    
  
4.    
 ,    
           
    
 :           

 :          
    (    )
,  ,              
   
5.   
,          
 -  
   :
      
     
         
   
   '               
   :
  
 (  )
    
.
  
2.
    ,        , 
     
    
            '     
      , 
      
 
1.    
           
    
             
2.   
         
        
           
3.   
    ,       
         ( ,     
' 75°C    )
           
4.  
  2         
 C     -18°C   
        
            
5.    
     ,     
     ,       
        
6.     
       
         
2.
    ,      
7.   
        
       
          
  
        -  ,   ,  ,
  -          ,       
     ,      
 ,                 ,
   
 ,       ,     
            
 
    ,    
 ,     
 ,                

 :      ,    
 

     (, . ),  (,
 ),  (, ),   (,
),       
,   ,  ,      
 ,      
 -       
 ,     ,       , 
              : ,    

"               

       ,         "